More Genetic Stuff

We learned about Mendelian Inheritance.
First of all, the principle of segregation is: the two members of a gene pair (alleles) segregate from each other in the formation of gametes. Half the gametes carry one allele, and the other half carry the other allele.
Principle of independent assortment is: genes for different traits assort independently of one another in the formation of gametes.

If the parents have AA and aa alleles, they would give the gametes of A and a. Therefore, their progeny F1 would have the alleles of Aa. For F2, they would have the alleles of 1AA: 2Aa: 1aa. As a result, their genotype ratio would be 1:2:1, and their phenotype ratio would be 3Dom: 1rec.

Protein Synthesis

Transcription:
1. RNA Polymerase unzips DNA and forms RNA complimentary pairs.
2. mRNA is formed. it has a tail-- Poly-A made of Adenine, which is the 3' end, and a Cap made of Guanine, which is the 5' end. The tail and the Cap protects mRNA from being disintegrated by nuclease, which are in charge of intruding virus.
RNA Processing:
1. Splicesosome cuts off introns that are build by "junk genes"(caused by transposons), and connects extrons.
2. mRNA goes through pore and goes into Cytoplasm.
Translation:
1. mRNA finds ribosome and reads from 5' to 3' end. Start codon is AUG the codes for "met"(methianine).
2. tRNAs that are attached to amino acids attach to codons and build polupeptide.
3. Once ribosome finished reading mRNA, polypeptide is released.

The amino acid sequence codes for body features. We did a lab in class and transferred the codes into body traits and "built our own aliens". This is mine:

Square-headed, hairy, plump...... Sounds like...... Mr. Quick???

Other than that, we checked the bacteria lab. 

Things didn't change that much:

Bacteria sample with plasmid DNA that allow bacteria to glow and immune to antibodies in agar plate with ampicillin and arabinose: bacteria grew out some more and glowed.

Bacteria sample with plasmid DNA that allow bacteria to glow and immune to antibodies in agar plate with ampicillin but without arabinose: Grew out some more but did not glow.

Bacteria sample without plasmid DNA that allow bacteria to glow and immune to antibodies in agar plate with ampicillin: Did not grow out.

Bacteria sample without plasmid DNA that allow bacteria to glow and immune to antibodies in agar plate without ampicillin: Grew out some more.

DNA Replication and Bacteria Lab

1. Helicase unzip DNA

2. Primase reads from 3' to 5' and creates short RNA primers

3. DNA Polymerase III form DNA complementary pairs from 3' to 5' (DNA doesn't bond with RNA primers)

4. Primase jumps backwards from 5' to 3' to the closest T or A and build RNA primers from 3' to 5'

5. DNA filled in by Polymerase III
6. DNA Polymerase I changes RNA to DNA
7. Ligase creates phosphodiester bonds between DNA fragments (Okazake fragments)

Update on the neon bacteria lab:

Bacteria sample with plasmid DNA that allow bacteria to glow and immune to antibodies in agar plate with ampicillin and arabinose: bacteria grew out and glowed.

Bacteria sample with plasmid DNA that allow bacteria to glow and immune to antibodies in agar plate with ampicillin but without arabinose: Grew out but did not glow.

Bacteria sample without plasmid DNA that allow bacteria to glow and immune to antibodies in agar plate with ampicillin: Did not grow out.

Bacteria sample without plasmid DNA that allow bacteria to glow and immune to antibodies in agar plate without ampicillin: Grew out.